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Blog #2

Blog #2: Distant Reading

The document, Harriett Lees + Family was a memoir about a thirty year old women, Harriett Lees who was born on February 11th, 1811 in Woodford cum Membris, the country of Northhampton. She was a wife to thirteenth brother, William Lees, and a mother of two sons. Her marriage on June 4th, 1838 William Lees sparked and advanced her religious beliefs. She was became a member of the Brn’s Church where she found herself attending regularly. She was extremely religious and believed God “will not lay upon us more than we can bear”. She often quoted the bible throughout her memoir, which was very compelling. Two instance in her life where she demonstrated her spirituality and religious beliefs was when both her brother and sister passed. She was distraught and found that attending chapel was the best way to cope with her sadness. When others recommended staying home instead of attending chapel due to her poor health, she would respond ‘”I am able to go, the Lord blesses any soul more than the effort injures my feeble frame'”. She would attend chapel as long as she had strength. Harriett Lees’s “health was delicate” and “she was often subject to bad colds attended by severe cough” (5). She struggled with her  health through her pilgrimage and two pregnancies, which ultimately led to death.

After transcribing and reading the fascinating text, Harriett Lees + Family, Hailey and I became very interested on the research question, what is the typical language of a married sister in the Moravian church? When responding to our research question, the use of Voyant was useful and helpful. This tool highlighted the most frequent words and phrases in our text, making it easy to see what was of importance. It offered us a way to look deeply into the text and observe what hardships she faced and how she overcame them. Voyant is an efficient and more pleasing way to gain the important information needed from a long text. For example, some words cirrus highlighted were sister, savior, time, strength, church and mourning. With the most frequent words displayed, I was able to make some accusations about the text. For example, with seeing the word strength and time, I was able to understand that Harriett’s health was at stake. I was also able to sense that their was tragic events and her emotions were scattered with seeing the frequent words mourning. And at last, seeing the common words church, God, and Savior demonstrated that Harriett Lees was extremely religious. Voyant is helpful in many other ways as well. For example, Voyant showed me that the Harriett Lees memoir Hailey and I transcribed is 2,099 words and includes 731 unique words, which I found slightly surprisingly.

Voyant was also useful because it featured the key and distinctive terms in the memoir. Hailey and I used the Memoir of Br John Willey to get accurate distinctive words from the Harriet Lee’s Memoir. The words that were displayed include tho, fit, partner, oh, and lee. The one word that is most relevant and of importance to answering our question we proposed is “partner”. The distinctive word “partner” was used when discussing Harriet Lee’s marriage with her husband. This was significant in throughout the memoir when William supported Harriett through her sickness and births of her two children. There marriage was strong and they shared a true love with one another. Voyant helped me make connections and understand the memoir a lot better than I had before.

One of Whitley’s methods I used throughout this process is visualization. Visualizations sparked new ideas and questions about what I was transcribing, which was very fun! Three specific ways I used spatial reading on Voyant was through the tools of cirrus, collocates graphs, and bubbliness, which is shown below. Bubbliness visualizes and distributes the terms in the text, while collocate graphs represent key words that occur in close proximity. Cirrus is another visualization tool that measures the top frequency words of the text. All three ways are a unique way to analyze text.

https://voyant-tools.org/?corpus=df109f8e08232a569e886362ca2e885b

My personal favorite method  I used throughout this process on Voyant is spatial reading. Spatial reading is the “idea that reading and understanding large amounts of texts can be overcome if the information is transformed into a more spatial manner/ representation because it can be explored by our visionary processes (Whitley 194). I find spatial reading very effective and more enjoyable than sequential reading. Another technique I used in this process from Whitley’s reading is distant reading. Distant reading is “the act of stepping back from the text you’re reading and study the “broad patterns that emerge when you consider a wide swath of texts”(188). I started looking at the most frequent words and their contexts, which provided me a lot of important information.

 

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Blog #2

Blog 2-Rosemary Rong

The main idea of the Willey memoir is that a faithful priest named John Wiley spent his whole life to be pray. The memoir which was written by Wiley’s children illustrated Wiley’s early life between 1781 and 1793 as bittersweet as his mother died when he was six. Still, he grew up with teacher Bradley ‘s care and love until he was twelve. Two years later, he learnt a trade in Bedford, where he started to question the world and reflect himself as a man with sinfulness. In order to redeem himself, in 1802, he went to Bristol where he saw the Congregation for the first time in his life.  In 1806, he served as a teacher in Mirfield school. About ten years later, he was married to Sgle. Sr. Susan Hutton, a teacher at Gracehill. After the marriage, the couple had four children and lived happily in Ballinderry. In May 1841, he had a violent attack of influenza in Cootehill. In the hope of recovering from his painful illness, he served the Lord and Saviour more faithfully than ever. During the last year of his life, he spent four months near Bally-Castle and returned to Gracehill in October. His wife and the three of his children assembled around his bed to witness his gentle departure from this world in October 1847.

 

Via Voyant, I compared both the Willey memoir and the Harriett Lees memoir as these two memoirs were composed at the same time period and they are from London archives.  In the perspective of lexical, the Lees memoir was written in plenty of long sentences and its average sentence words is 80.7 while Willey memoir’s average sentence words is 33.4. Noticeably, the vocabulary densities of both texts are at almost the same level, the Lees memoir is 0.348 and the Willey memoir is 0.310. Based on the average sentence words, the author of the Lees memoir obtain more written skills than the author of the Willey memoir. And the vocabulary densities justifies this conclusion. However, we cannot be 100 percent confirmed as the total lengths of these two memoirs are different. In the contrast of the Lees’ 2099 words and 731 unique word forms,  the whole text of Willey memoir consists of 3505 words in total and 1087 unique word forms. Apart from that, the Willey’s five most frequent words are years, time, great, lord and time. Two common words between two memoirs are great and time. “Great” is to express the extent of certain events or someone and “time” is to illustrate a person’s life in the chronical way. In the perspective of key words in Willey memoir, through the termberry screen, five key words are congregation, lord,time, great and life.  The following graphs are generated through Voyant. The first one is collocates graphs, which represents a network graph where keywords in green are shown linked to collocates in maroon according Voyant’s tools help page. For example, the word “year” is related to “laborer,” “spent,” “age,” and “life.”  According to Whitley’s reading, the author expects that readers can read the digital reading in two mode: browse mode and search mode. The Voyant provides various visualizations  so that even if a reader may not be able to read the memoir in details, he/she can grab the gist of a memoir directly from dozens of graphs. The second graph is cirrus. The words are in eye-catching colors to impress readers and arouse readers’s interests to read the memoir.  In the Whitley’s reading, it is said that visualizations are intended neither to stand as definitive interpretations of literary texts nor to provide direct answers to research questions. Rather, the goal in visualizing data from a literary text is to spark inqury. Personally speaking, colorful words assembled together pushes me to inquire this memoir deeper. The third graph is scatterplot. I imputted both the whole memoir and one-third of the memoir that I transcribed and Voyant generated this graph. This graph not only confirms that the whole memoir is written in the same style, but also differentiate the part that I transcribed from the whole. This is significant because the reader can expect what distinctive meanings from each part of the memoir.  It also serves the function of wrestling with questions that close reading alone might otherwise be unable to answer mentioned in Whitley’s reading. If scholars confront the problem of comparing  two similar memoirs, then use this graph is a starting point.

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Assignment #1

Assignment #1

I never thought that just transcribing a document would make you understand the story of the person that wrote the it. While writing, the only thing you focus on is what each individual words is, and nothing about the author. For five pages, I struggled to read cursive because I have not seen the style in years. I had to look over the cheat sheets for cursive letters once we started because I just could not remember what some of the letters looked like. In the moment, you don’t really care what the person is saying, you are just trying to figure out what each word is. After finishing my five pages, with lots of question marks, I then had to go back and get help from others. Sometimes, it is just about asking the right person. Some people might know a lot more cursive than others. For example, in our group Meg Koczur remembered her cursive very well so I would ask her for help a lot. Then once you are finally done nitpicking words, you can reread your work to double check everything. Once you get to this point is when you really begin to feel a connection with the author. It is so interesting that none of these documents have never been written so we are the first ones to actually read it. They are just simple documents in which people talk about experiences they had. In Elizabeth Grundy’s work, some of the times she was just talking about some of her dreams. It just made me overjoyed to be able to read about somebody else’s life. Coming into this class, I did not really know what to expect from digital humanities, but this really changed my mind for the better.

 

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Nv-N7N0rR6puaTNT2_QHv_918cxgYppQjCQikAxSNqQ/edit?usp=sharing

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Assignment #1

Assignment I

I did not enjoy the assignment at first because I was constantly frustrated when transcribing the document, a memoir of Harriett Lees and his family in 1842. I was unable to fully read the text due to the unfamiliar language and the cursive. But, as I continued to transcribe, I had a change of heart. I gained a better sense of the assignment and started to enjoy it. My transcription skills progressed immensely as I continued transcribing the document. When I came across a difficult word or phrase, I would first try to decipher the letters and then the context of the sentence. If it was still a puzzle, I would ask my partner on her opinion. Most of the time we were able to decode the word or phrase. If we were still stuck, then I would write a question mark next to it and continue on with the sentence until a professor came over and helped. Another technique I learned when I was stuck was to look at other words that had the same letter to see if they matched. These ways were very helpful and I wish I had discovered them in the beginning to avoid the frustration I encountered. One last way my partner and I used to gain a better understanding when translating the biblical texts was to look up what the author was referring to in the actual bible.

I really enjoy transcribing and found the process extremely rewarding, especially when I transcribed an entire sentence or paragraph without any assistance. The most satisfying step of the assignment was reading the final product. It was interesting because throughout transcribing I would pick up bits and pieces of the story. I felt connected to the emotional personal events and stories that were being written about. Although the main challenge I faced was to understand the different type of language that was spoken in 1842, I adapted soon found it very fascinating to see how times and language have transformed through centuries. I am very grateful to be a part of such a unique experience and project.

http://docs.google.com/document/d/1sEJf1rOOI8QlH_7b7A_jvwiJSdMqXB2PzXwJ74NYOZ0/edit?ts=5b97ffd4#heading=h.6d9mztxec9fc