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Blog #3 contextual research

Timelines

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Chronology is an important discipline in learning how to interpret the past. For instance, “Thapar has long emphasized that genealogy and chronicle are not primitive efforts to write what would become history in other hands, but powerful, graphically dense ways of describing and interpreting the past.” (13) Both chronology and genealogy are a way of linking together events in a particular order that produce an outcome. For example, Hayden White brings up the medieval manuscript chronology called the Annals of St. Gall. This chronology covers 25 years of events that occurred in the Frankish Kingdoms. While observing the manuscripts, you will see a list of events that seem to be nothing more than a list of negative incidents that happened to the Frankish Kingdoms, but White explains they, “vividly figure a world of scarcity and violence, a world in which “forces of disorder” occupy they the forefront of attention”. (12) Going further in depth, chronology does not simply have to be a list of events, but instead can be a demonstration of what was important in that time period.

There are some negatives to the visual tool of timelines. Unfortunately, more often than not chronology is presented in a linear fashion. This makes sense because time, itself, is seen as linear. This causes a problem in representing history or even a story like Samuel Tippett’s memoirs because history and stories are not linear. Priestly explains, “historical narrative is not linear.” (20) For example, regarding Samuel Tippett’s life we see a boy who decides to dedicate himself to god, but then not long after, he decides to revert back to his old menacing behavior. This represents events in his life that are clearly not linear so it does not make much sense to represent them in a linear fashion. The combination of methods would be extremely helpful. Both linear representation and matrix form allow the viewer to observe connections of events in different ways but together can provide a broad overarching view of a historical events and a more in-depth analysis of how the events relate to each other. Another disadvantage of a linear timeline would be the perception of importance. The timeline lists events with their dates. This would assume that all events are just as important as each other, but we know from history and stories that all events are not equally as impactful to the outcome, so based on the presentation of the linear chronology, there could be a lack of awareness for the most important events. For these very reasons timelines do not tell the complete story. They tell a story but definitely not the complete one.

      

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Blog #3 contextual research

Blog #2: Timelines

Image result for chronology
Chronology Pattern

 

The method utilized to represent historical data is just as important as the the information it contains. Modes of representation can determine the clarity of the information being shared and are examples of  interesting ways to analyze information. Chronology and Geography, two modes brought up by Grafton, show us the pros and cons of using certain modes of representation to present historical data/events.

Image result for geography
            The Layers of Geographical Representation

During the creation of the Timeline.js project and reading of Grafton’s work, I got to experience and learn how information and the mode of how it is represented have a close and dependent relationship. In Cartographies of Time, Grafton shows how modes of representation have progressed throughout history, highlighting the improvements and background that led to timelines. Historical data can benefit or suffer from its compilation into a timeline or its representation on a map. I definitely witnessed the benefit of each mode on the events that I pulled from my transcriptions. All timelines, the medium of chronology represented in this project, are unique and have different forms of organization. My timeline utilized contextual events in relation to the historical events in my transcription and then presented a visual in order to better support each event. The main benefit of this method is its organizational value that creates a better understanding of the historical events, both literally and contextually, for the reader. This method also makes the presentation of the data more interesting with its visuals and contextual events. Another interesting aspect of this timeline is how it has the capability of utilizing maps, a popular medium of geography, in its visuals. The main con of utilizing chronology to present historical data that I saw in this project is that the “story” can become compromised in the process of collecting the data to compile into a timeline. For instance, when scouring the transcriptions, we automatically pull the events that come with a date; in order to chronologically organize data, we feel the need for numbers. Because of our reliance upon the time, days, months, and/or years that structure the line, we sometimes fail to dive deeper into the events represented, sacrificing the “story.” Grafton points this out in his work, stating, “Our idea of time is so wrapped up in the metaphor of the line that taking them apart seem virtually impossible.” In this process, many key events in the transcription are not pulled simply because they were not attached to a specific time, day, month, or year and, in turn, are not represented and shown to the reader. Even if these events are included and compiled into the timeline, there is a compromise in accuracy; the author must then generalize the time in which the event took place. With geographical representation, events and data can also be compromised. Similarly to how events without time, day, month, or year cannot be included in timelines without being compromised, events not marked by a location cannot be geographically represented without being compromised.

After the completion of my timeline, I came to the conclusion that the modes of representation identified by Grafton are very beneficial when used to present certain data. In addition, I noticed how these modes of representation can be detrimental when used to present other data. My findings evoke the debate of whether or not the purpose of these modes is to tell a story or simply organize data. In my opinion, they do both. These modes organize the data/events in a way that we can formulate a story. As Grafton points out in his work, the author must first look past the linear when creating the timeline, and the reader must do the same if we are to utilize all of the benefits that come with timelines.  The lines of a timeline are the lives of the story; when they end, the story ends. And the visualization of the locations of the events provided by the use of geography as a mode can make sense of the data and further support the story.

LINK TO TIMELINE: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/19D5MbZfE71t0zlKwUYbnZyNQD3EcQef-JETzGkvr17k/edit?usp=sharing

               Timeline visual: Mode of Geography
          Timeline Visual: 18th Century Marriage
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In terms of the timeline, there is no such thing as a single timeline that explains the origin of everything. As we saw with the example with the timeline of the western world book that was shown in class it showed how the world is not composed on one single line , but a intensely complex system that stem from each other. There are many events that are happening from many parts in the world that are happening at the same time from each other. But when looking in timelines one has to understand the problems that come with it. “Addressing the problem of chronology, and especially the problem of visual chronology, means going back to the line, to understand its ubiquity, flexibility, and force… the presence of the lines couldn’t be more obvious.” (pg13)

For what it is I have come to terms with the Moravian Lives complexity on its ideas and modes of representation because one must use what was given to them to their fullest and understand that everything will not be as a simple to plot. The way that I have come to terms is by understanding the complexity of it and seeing that there won’t be a clear cut answer to solving the timeline. With the modes of representation that were used was geography, in which was used to understand the land of the areas that Latrobe use to live, and chronology, in which helped our group to be more organized in seeing the flow of time. Which both have clarified Historical events that happened during the time period. There are times where these modes can obscure small or some important details that are not told to why things led to these events.

For a timeline it can tell a story of a human being, the era of a kingdom or the environment in a specific area, but in a big picture “in which forces of disorder occupy the forefront of attention in which things happen to people rather one in which people do things.” (pg.12) For example, with Minards chart of the Russian campaign gives a “complex, but sometimes paradoxical way in which a real story is told.” (pg.23) It allowed me to see the story at a different angle in how this event transpired during that that time. Starting from a huge army then having most of the army wipe out by the winter season was told by single timeline of a line that thinned out overtime.

 

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Blog #3 contextual research

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When events are placed in chronological order it presents a visual of the order in which the events took place. This is important because when readers are presented with new and important information containing multiple dates, it’s hard to mentally sort out that information. As Grafton points out, creating a chronological order for events represents history in a way that is contextual, visual, and memorable. In my opinion, a line is capable of telling both a story and chronology of events that took place.

The above image shows how the line is represented in a spatially.

Through the Timeline.js project, I was able to understand how particular events in time influenced the decisions of the people from the memoirs and how it affected their lives. Because our memoir had so many components, we created our timeline by stacking the data. As a result, a line was created through space by the website. Grafton wrote about how W.J.T. Mitchell said, “The fact is that spatial form is the perceptual basis of our notion of time, that we literally cannot ‘tell time’ without the mediation of space” (13). As a group, a few of the dates that we had overlapped each other. If this information wasn’t stacked and written out chronologically, it would’ve been difficult to understand. Grafton made this point evident in his introduction by saying, “by comparing individual histories to one another and the uniform progress of the years, the reader could see the hand of providence at work” (15).

In this image you can see how the dates are stacked based on their chronology.

For myself, the most difficult part of this project was finding contextual events that correlated with my memoir. Once we each found dates that we felt suited this project, the timeline created a chronological story that was easily and better understood. Though it was difficult, our information allowed our group to explore the relationship between ideas and modes of representation. Overall, the information that we found added to the development of our timeline and furthered our understandings of the Bethlehem memoirs.