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Blog #2

Blog #2

While transcribing my assigned memoir, I paid close attention to every individual word, rather than looking at the document as a whole. However, after my transcription was complete, I was able to read over the document and really pay attention to the actual story of Joesph Lingard’s life. My memoir is mainly about Joesph Lingard and his family and how he found his way into the congregation. The memoir discusses how Joesph and his wife were extremely unhappy and joined the congregation to rid themselves of this unhappiness. At first, Joesph and his family did not have a home near the congregation, so the brethren actually offered his family a place to stay until they found something more permanent. The memoir continues on following Joesph through all steps of his journey into joining the congregation. In the end, Joesph falls ill. As we move forward, I am excited to look more into not only Joesph but his family members, specifically his son, because they were so important in the memoir.\

Edward Whitley writes, “the virtue of information visualization is that it can make complex data sets more accessible than they otherwise might be” (188). Whitely is correct in that information visualization tools, such as Voyant, make complex text, like the Moravian memoirs, much more digestible than they might seem at first. Our group research question is: Was the congregation perceived in a positive or negative way in the lives of Moravian People? This approach has been somewhat helpful in answering our research question, but it certainly doesn’t offer a complete answer. This approach has been helpful in getting a better sense of how the Moravian people viewed the congregation because we have been able to pinpoint where the word congregation has been used and the words surrounding it, as I talk about below. 

Using Voyant has allowed me to interact with my assigned memoirs in a new way. TextualArc allowed me to see the flow of keywords throughout my document in a neat visual. This tool painted out a nice overview of the text, and “creat[ed] visual abstractions of textual patterns” (193), which I used before diving into other tools that gave more detailed data. In a way, I used this tool to see a summary of my document.  In my opinion, the most helpful tools on Voyant are those that allow you to see the frequency of different words in the text. Both the Cirrus word cloud and Document Terms allowed to see the frequently used terms in two very different, but equally helpful, ways. First, the word cloud emphasizes a frequently used to term by making it larger. Observing my word cloud, I was able to see that congregation, heart, saviour, son, and brethren were most frequently used. I did not find any collocates to be particularly useful because no words were associated with another more than once, so no phrases presented themselves as frequently used in the document. These words allowed me to see that Joesph Lingard’s story of how he joined congregation was more instrumental to the text than I originally thought. However, the Document Terms gives the quantitative data to see how many times each of those words were actually used in the specific document, but not the whole corpus. For example, Document Terms showed that heart was used 18 times throughout the text and showed a trend line. This trend line is an especially helpful visualization tool in that is shows me where in the text the word is used most frequently, which allows me to ask more questions about that particular section of the document. For example, where the word heart is most frequently used, Joesph was speaking about his journey to join the congregation and how the brethren offered him lodging. Joseph’s frequent usage of “heart” shows that these kind actions deeply affected him. Overall, These tools are helpful because “amid the chaos of more frequent repetitions,” the tools allow me to see patterns that I “may have missed with close reading” (191).

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Assignment #1

Assignment #1

Transcribing the Moravian manuscripts was a very interesting, as well as a rewarding experience. My task was to transcribe the Moravian manuscripts to create a digital edition by using a photo of the original archival document from archives in Bethlehem and London. To transcribe, I utilized the transcription desk on the Moravian Lives website, which was a very neat platform.

At first, the pages I was assigned by my group leader to transcribe seemed daunting. I had not primarily written or read cursive writing since the third grade, so reading the Moravian manuscripts was difficult at first. I felt a lot of pressure to be accurate in my transcription because I knew that if I transcribed something incorrectly, there would be negative effects on my work later in the course and the research project as a whole. Over time, recognizing words and abbreviations became easier, allowing me to transcribe the documents faster. The group setting made it particularly simple for me to get help when I was stuck on a word or unsure of an abbreviation. Specifically, my team (Brendan, Olivia, and Ethan) would help one another whenever they ran into trouble and look over each other’s documents to ensure accuracy. It was great to have such a strong group, especially when I just needed a second pair of eyes (and sometimes third) on my document.

The pages I was assigned detailed the lives of Joesph Lingard and Henry Unger. Over the days I spent transcribing the pages, I feel that I have been able to better understand the Moravians because I walked in the shoes of both Henry and Joesph. I look forward to the work to come as I will able to delve deeper into the lives of Henry and Joesph by doing text analysis and mapping.

My Transcriptions:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/17GZrXSICM6RDmdVB0SJjc1tS1njQ8CnGb-IUI9HrVKw/edit

Joesph Lingard Page 01

Joesph Lingard Page 02

Joesph Lingard Page 03

Joesph Lingard Page 04

Henry Unger Page 02 & 03

 

 

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Blog #1

Blog #1: On Material and Digital Archives

After visiting several websites that are based on archival materials and browsing through the DH project sample book, I have been able to explore many DH projects. While browsing, I have seen the advantages and disadvantages of creating a digital artifact from archival documents. Specifically, many artifacts are in remote archives and only certain scholars are permitted access. By creating a digital artifact, the documents become widely available for research for people who are restricted by both travel and accreditation. Additionally, these documents are often delicate, sensitive to light, and require extremely special handling. But, when these artifacts are digitized, they no longer require such delicate conditions. This allows the researchers to put more effort into analyzing the document, rather spending time trying to maintain adequate conditions for the document.

On the other hand, there are some disadvantages. Specifically, when an archival document can be accessed digitally, it takes away from the special experience of traveling to the archive and handling the actual document. When a document is digitized, the document is often static, presented as a photograph or transcription. This presentation could potentially make a researcher miss an important aspect of the document, such as something that is written more lightly, that they would have been privy to if they were in the presence of the actual document.

As I explored the Moravian Lives projects, the biggest similarity I found was with another DH project, “Transcribe Bentham”. Both projects utilized crowdsourcing. The projects don’t have a sole contributor, but rather many. This method allows for more transcriptions to become available in a shorter amount of time, simply because so many people are able to be working on the project at once.

In the digital age, we are increasingly interacting with textual material on the screen more than on the printed page. Personally, my high school utilized the “iPad Program” and all our readings were digital. Because the interaction with the digital material is overpowering interaction with the printed material, our research practices changed. Post-It notes and highlighters have been replaced with digital annotations. 

Additionally, our physical and emotional relationships with our objects of study are drastically shifting in a digital age. Because archival documents are more accessible now digitally, researchers lose a special bond with the material that they would have felt had they accessed the material in person. This digital difference causes a slight detachment from their objects of study. The sense of seeing the document on a screen is much different than being able to see and potentially touch the document in real life. 

In the physical archive, there are different sources of knowledge and serendipitous discovery than in the digital archive. In the physical archive, researchers may be more likely to interact with other scholars that are studying a similar topic. Physical archives also offer the “wide-angle perspective” (185) that Whitley spoke about. However digital archives offer a different experience. As Whitley writes, “In browse mode, digital archives allow for a wide-angle perspective on their material by trusting to the wanderings of a curious mouse clicker. In search mode, the hope is that a search engine will serendipitously discover information that a browsing scholar or student might otherwise miss” (186). I would not say that the digital archive is better than the physical archive and vice versa, just that the two offer very different experiences. In my opinion, a combination of both may be the best approach for a browsing scholar or student. 

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Practice Blog

Approaches to Digital Humanities

 The two articles I chose were Transcribe Bentham and Selfiecity. Transcribe Bentham is a collaborative transcription initiative which invites people to transcribe and access the manuscripts written by Jeremey Bentham. Selfiecity is a project that analyzes and compares 3,200 selfies of people from five major cities: Bangkok, Berlin, Moscow, New York, and Sao Paulo. These digital humanities projects are both extremely interesting and they both utilize different Digital humanities approaches.

Firstly, the primary digital humanities approach of the Transcribe Bentham project is undoubtedly crowdsourcing. Transcribe Bentham invites the public, specifically anyone interested, to access and transcribe Bentham’s work. The project doesn’t have a sole contributor, but rather many. This method allows for more transcriptions to become available in a shorter amount of time, simply because so many people are able to be working on the project at once. Additionally, the secondary approach this project is taking is digital edition. When the manuscripts are transcribed, they are typed onto a computer and put on a platform for others to access. In this way, a once single non-digital copy of Bentham’s work becomes available for people to access infinitely digitally. This project seems to be very similar to our work with the Moravian Lives project in the way that we both will be transcribing manuscripts for others to access.

Secondly, the primary digital humanities approach used by Selfiecity is visualization. Selfiecity compiles selfies digitally and assembles them in a way that onlookers are able to see patterns between the images. Selfiecity uses “imageplots” which places the selfies on top of each other so that they oriented the same way. In the case of Selfiecity, the medium of the subject matter largely determined the way in which the data was represented digitally. Selfiecity’s data was made up of images, so using a visualization approach was an obvious choice. Using visualization allowed Selfiecity to establish patterns between the selfies more easily and made their findings more apparent to others.

Overall, I feel that both Transcribe Bentham and Selfiecity’s digital humanities approaches were effective.